andrea pauline 2010-08-05T17:34:45Z 2009-07-24T18:41:46Z 2010-08-05T17:34:47Z NCPC 11.9999 9390 11865 0 255 862 False False ID SUBJECT & TITLE LOCATION BRIEF SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECT AND/OR PURPOSE, IF AVAILABLE SUBJECT AND/OR PURPOSE (CONTINUED) LAND TYPE SPONSOR & FUNDRAISING INFO., IF AVAILABLE AUTHORIZ. YEAR DEDICATION YEAR DRAFT MAJOR THEME A DRAFT MAJOR THEME B AUTHORIZING LAW 1 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence Constitution Gardens To commemorate the bicentennial of the signing of the Declaration of Independence and honor the signers. The Declaration was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, and it announced that the 13 American colonies were independent states. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, it is a formal explanation of why Congress declared independence from Great Britain. The birthday of the United States of America — Independence Day — is celebrated on July 4, the day the wording of the Declaration was approved FEDERAL - NPS Sponsored by the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration 1978 1984 Founding 92 Stat. 197 2 African-American Civil War Memorial ("The Spirit of Freedom") U St & Vermont Ave, NW Commemorates the service of 209,145 African-American soldiers and sailors - both free and slave - who fought for the Union in the American Civil War. According to the Washington Post, the memorial is the first in the country to honor all African American Union troops and their white officers and is part of a new recognition of the role played by African Americans in the war. FEDERAL - NPS Commissioned by the District of Columbia Commission on the Arts and Humanities; "monitored" by The African American Civil War Freedom Foundation, Inc.; transfered to NPS. Paid for through private fundraising and the descendants of African Americans who were freed. 1992 1998 Military Society-Culture 106 Stat. 2104 3 American Legion Freedom Bell Columbus Plaza "On behalf of the children of America, the memorial in honor of the Bicentenial Celebration." The American Legion is a congressionally chartered mutual-aid veterans organization of the U.S. armed forces founded to benefit those veterans who served during a wartime period as defined by the U.S. Congress. FEDERAL - NPS Conceived by members of the American Freedom Train Association who approached The American Legion with a proposal of sponsoring the bell. 1976 1977 Founding 90 Stat. 2242 4 American Veterans Disabled for Life (planned) Washington, 2nd & I-395, SW From Authorizing Law: "to honor veterans who became disabled while serving in the Armed Forces of the United States." According to the foundation, it will honor more than 3 million living disabled American veterans in the U.S. as well as disabled American veterans in the U.S. as well as disabled veterans throughout American history. FEDERAL - NPS The Disabled Veterans’ LIFE Memorial Foundation plan to establish memorial with private funds. 2000 PLANNED Military 114 Stat. 1358 5 Artigas, General Jose 18th St & Constitution Ave, NW (1764-1850) Sometimes called "The Father of Uruguayan independence." Led Gauchos to fight for Uruguayan state separate from Argentina/free of Spanish domination. Engraved at base of statue: "From the people of Uruguay to the People of the United States. Liberty of America is my dream and its attainment my only hope." FEDERAL - NPS Gift from the Republic of Uruguay to the U.S.; funded in large part from contributions of Uruguayan school children and the Chamber of Deputies (Goode) 1948 1950 World 62 Stat. 1051 6 Asbury, Francis 16th & Mt Pleasant St, NW (1745-1810) Pioneer Bishop of Methodist Episcopal Church. Known as "The Prophet of the Long Road," Asbury is honored for promoting patriotism, education, morality, and religion. FEDERAL - NPS Sponsored by the Francis Asbury Memorial Association 1919 1924 Society-Culture 40 Stat. 1213 7 Barry, Commodore John Franklin Park, 14th St between I and K, NW (1745-1803) Sometimes called "the father of the U.S. Navy." Sea captain born in Ireland & emigrated to American colonies, joined the American Colonial Navy and was first officer to capture enemy war vessel in the American Revolution. FEDERAL - NPS Sponsorted by the Ancient Order of Hibernians in America and other Irish organizations 1906 1914 Military 34 Stat. 223 8 Bethune, Mary McLeod Lincoln Park (1875 - 1955) American educator and civil rights leader. Founded the Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls (now Bethune-Cookman College) in 1904, and served as president from 1904-1942 and from 1946-47. A leader in the black women's club movement and served as president of the National Association of Colored Women. Founder of the National Council of Negro Women. Vice-president of the NAACP. FEDERAL - NPS Sponsored by the National Council of Negro Women, Inc. Paid for privately and with funds from the U.S. Government (Govt provided a grant when fundraising efforts stalled) 1960 1974 Society-Culture Society-Culture 74 Stat. 154 9 Blackstone, William Sir Constitution Ave & 3rd St, NW (1723 – 1780) British judge and professor who produced historical and analytic treatise entitled Commentaries on the Laws of England, which became an important source for drafters of the U.S. Constitution. FEDERAL - OTHER Intended to be gift from the American Bar Association to English Bar Association but it was too big to fit in the Hall of Courts in London. Donated to US gov't and a smaller copy was made for British. cast 1920, erected 1943 Founding N/A 10 Bolivar, General Simon Virginia Ave at 18th & C Sts, NW (1783 -1830) Leader of South America's struggle for independence from Spain. According to Goode, the statue is a symbol of the bond between the U.S. and its Latin neighbors. FEDERAL - NPS Given by the Government of Venezuela 1949 1959 World 63 Stat. 406 11 Boy Scouts of America ("Boy Scout Memorial") Ellipse Stands on the site of 1st Boy Scout Jamboree (1937), figures represent Manhood and Womanhood. From the inscription: "In grateful tribute to the men and women whose generosity, devotion, and leadership have brought Scouting to the nation's youth and to honor all members of the Boy Scouts of America who in days of peace and times of peril have done their duty to God and their country...in recognition of the fiftieth anniverary of the Boy Scouts of America." FEDERAL - NPS Paid for by contributions from Boy Scouts and private funds 1959 1964 Society-Culture 73 Stat. 261 12 Buchanan, President James Merdian Hill Park, 16th and Florida Ave (1791 – 1868) 15th U.S. President, dipomat and attorney. Served in the War of 1812 and was later Representative in Congress, U.S. Minister to Russia and to Great Britain and Sec'y of State. Shown with 2 figures representing Law and Diplomacy. FEDERAL - NPS Given by Mrs. Harriett Lane Johnson, Buchanan's niece 1918 1930 Statesmanship World 40 Stat. 632 13 Burke, Edmund Massachusetts Ave bet 11th & 12th Sts, NW (1729-1797) British statesman, orator and political thinker. Advocated fair treatment of the American colonies. FEDERAL - NPS Offered by Sir Charles Wakefield, former Mayor of London, on behalf of the Sulgrave Institution 1922 1922 Founding World 42 Stat. 499 14 Butt-Millet ("Butt Millet Memorial Fountain") Ellipse Commemorates two men who died in the Titanic. Butt (1865 – 1912) was a military aide to Presidents Roosevelt and Taft. Millet (1846-1912) was a painter and member of the Fine Arts Commission. FEDERAL - NPS Paid for by private contributions of Friends of Butt and Millet 1912 1913 Arts-Sciences Statesmanship 37 Stat. 644 15 Columbus, Christopher (Columbus Fountain) Union Station Plaza (1451 – 1506) Genoese navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans. Commemoration features statue and prow of the ship symbolizing Discovery (Goode). Other elements represent the old and new worlds. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government 1907 1912 World 34 Stat. 1413 16 Cuban Friendship Urn East Potomac Park @ 14th St Bridges Memorial to the Victims of the USS Maine. It had been sent to protect American interests during the long-standing revolt of the Cubans against the Spanish government; preceded the Spanish-American War. FEDERAL - NPS Gift from the Governmen of Cuba to the U.S. (Cuban President Gerardo Machado presented the monument to US President Coolidge) 1928 1928 World 45 Stat. 713 17 D.C. Residents World War I Memorial West Potomac Park Honors DC residents who served in WWI. It is inscribed with the name of the war dead. According to the DC Preservation League it was the first memorial on the Mall to list all D.C. residents who lost their lives in the war, regardless of their race, class, or gender. FEDERAL - NPS D.C. War Memorial Commission 1924 1931 Military Local History 43 Stat. 666 18 Dante Merdian Hill Park, 16th and Florida Ave (1265 – 1321) Italian poet of the Middle Ages. Wrote Divina Commedia, one of the great literary works composed in the Italian language and a significant work of world literature. The statue stands on a pedestal of sea green granite and represents Dante in the robe of a scholar, wearing a crown of laurel. FEDERAL - NPS Given to the U.S. on behalf of Italian Americans by Carlo Barsotti 1922 1922andrea: This is correct even though the authorization is later. Perhaps it is for the federal government to accept the statue? Arts-Sciences 42 Stat. 366 19 Discus Thrower (Discobolus) Virginia Ave at 21st St, NW Gift of appreciation from Italy to U.S. honoring American efforts to return Italian sculpture (including the original Mirone "Discobulus" statue) to Italy after it was seized by the Nazis. "Discobulus" is an Italian copy of the Greek original and potrays an athelete in motion. FEDERAL - NPS Gift from the Government of Italy to the U.S. 1956 World Dedicated 20 Douglas, Justice William O. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal 30th St (1898 – 1980) U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice. With a term lasting 36 years, he is the longest-serving justice in the history of the Supreme Court. He was honored for saving the C & O Canal. FEDERAL - NPS Given in recognition of his support of the C&O. 1977 1977 Statesmanship 91 Stat. 21 21 Downing, Andrew Jackson The Smithsonian "Castle" on the Mall, 1000 Jefferson Drive, SW (1815 – 1852) American landscape designer, prominent advocate of the Gothic Revival style in the United States, and editor of The Horticulturist magazine. He transformed the Mall into a landscaped public park of circular carriage drives and plantings. FEDERAL - NPS Given by the American Pomological Society and paid for with private funds 1850 1856 Arts-Sciences 0026 22 Dupont, Samuel Francis (Dupont Memorial Fountain) Dupont Circle (1803-1865) Samuel Francis Dupont was a Civil War naval commander for the U.S. Fountain honors Dupont with three statues, representing "Sea, Wind and Sky." FEDERAL - NPS Given by the Dupont Family 1917 1921 Military 39 Stat. 944 23 Edison, Thomas Naval Research Laboratory (1847-1931) Scientist and inventor who invented and manufactured many devices that influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and advanced telegraph equipment. FEDERAL - DOD Donated by Thomas Alva Edison Foundation of New Jersey 1952 Arts-Sciences 24 Eisenhower, President Dwight D. (National Eisenhower Memorial) (planned) Independence Ave betw. 4th & 6th Sts From the Authorizing Law: "Congress finds that- The people of the United States feel a deep debt of gratitude to Dwight D. Eisenhower, who served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe in World War II and subsequently as 34th President of the US; and an appropriate permanent memorial ...should be created to perpetuate his memory and his contributions to the US." (1890-1969) Oversaw cease-fire of the Korean War, launched Space Race, began Interstate Highway System, enlarged Social Security. FEDERAL - NPS Sponsored by the Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission 2002 PLANNED Statesmanship Military 115 Stat. 2273 25 Emmet, Robert Massachusetts Ave & 24th St, NW (1778-1803) Irish patriot and early leader in the cause of Irish Independence, on indefinite loan from the Smithsonian Institution. Inscription includes exerpts from Emmet's speech during the trial where he was sentenced to death: "I wish to procure for my country the guarantee which Washington procured for America...I have parted from everything that was dear to me in this life for my country's cause..." FEDERAL - NPS Commissioned by American citizens of Irish ancestry; given to the Smithsonian; rededicated in 1966 to celebrate Irish independence. 1966 World 0030 26 Ericsson, John West Potomac Park (1803 – 1889) Swedish-American inventor of the screw propeller, mechanical engineer and designer of the iron-clad monitor. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government and private contributions (through Scandinavian descendants organizations) 1916 1926 Arts-Sciences Arts-Sciences 39 Stat. 671 27 Farragut, Admiral David G. Farrgut Square (1801-1870) First Admiral in the U.S. Navy, a title created for him during the Civil War; captured New Orleans and controlled the Mississippi River. Remembered in popular culture for his order at Battle of Mobile Bay, paraphrased: "Damn the torpedos, full speed ahead!" FEDERAL - NPS Mrs. Farragut / U.S. Government 1872 1881 Military 17 Stat. 395 28 First Airmail Flight Marker East Potomac Park Commemorates 40th anniversary of Air Mail service at the field where scheduled flight service began, first connecting Washington, Philadelphia and New York. FEDERAL - NPS 1958 Arts-Sciences Gifted 29 First Division Memorial Presidents Park From Authorizing Law: "Authorizing…a memorial to the dead of the First Division, American Expeditionary Forces in the World War." Later authorizations permitted additions to the monument in memory of the dead of the Division in WWII and Vietnam. FEDERAL - NPS Sponsored by Memorial Association of the 1st Division 1921 1924 Military 42 Stat. 349; 61 Stat. 171 30 Fort Stevens G.A.R. Plaque 13th & Rittenhouse Sts, NW Fort Stevens is one of the ring of fortifications built to safeguard Washington, D.C. during the Civil War. The Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R) became an important Civil War veterans organization for Union veterans. FEDERAL - NPS Sponsored by the Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War 1936 1936 Local History DELETE 31 Fort Stevens Monument and Marker 13th & Rittenhouse Sts, NW Commemorates the place where President Lincoln stood under enemy fire during the Battle of Ft. Stevens. FEDERAL - NPS Sponsored by Associated Survivors, 6th Army Corps 1920 Local History DELETE 32 Franklin, Benjamin 12th St & Pennsylvania Ave, NW (1706-1790) Founding Father, author, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, statesman and diplomat. A major figure in the Enlightenment for his work in physics and electricity. Depicted as he appeared at the court of Louis XVI at Versailles on the occasion of the first treaty between the U.S. and a foreign power. FEDERAL - NPS Donated by Stilson Hutchins 1888 1889 Founding Arts-Sciences 25 Stat. 627 33 Gallatin, Albert Pennsylvania Ave & 15th St (1761 – 1849) Longest-serving Sec'y of Treasury, first to effect a Treasury Dept. surplus; also diplomat to Great Britain and France, Senator, Congressman and founder of New York University. FEDERAL - OTHER Paid for by private funds and supported by Democrats in Congress, who, according to Goode, wanted to provide balance to a commemoration honoring Alexander Hamilton with Jefferson's secretary - Gallatin Statesmanship 34 Galvez, Bernardo de 22nd & Virginia Ave. (1746-1786) Spanish ally to American colonies during the American Revolution. Given in recognition of the U.S. Bicentenial. FEDERAL - NPS Given by King Juan Carlos of Spain to the U.S. in celebration of the Bicentennial. 1976 2007 Military 90 Stat. 519 35 Gandhi, Mahatma Massachusetts Ave & Q St at 21st St, NW (1869-1948) Political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. Pioneer of resistance through peaceful mass civil disobedience. After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity, and increase economic self-reliance. FEDERAL - NPS Given by the Government of India 1998 2000 World 112 Stat. 2701 36 Garfield, President James 1st St & Maryland Ave SW (1831 – 1881) 20th U.S. President, Brigadier General in the Civil War, House Representative, state senator, professor and president of Hiram College. His death, 2 mo. after being shot and 6 mo. after his inauguration, made his tenure the 2nd shortest in U.S. history. FEDERAL - OTHER - AOC Sponsored by the Society of Army of Cumberland; paid for by U.S. Government and private contributions 1887 Statesmanship N/A 37 German-American Friendship Garden Wash Mon Grd, Const. bet 17th & 15th Sts Commemorates the 300th anniversary of German immigration to America. Not constructed as a commemorative work. FEDERAL - NPS World 38 Gibbons, Cardinal James 16th St & Park Road, NW (1834 - 1921) Priest, bishop, and chaplain at Ft. McHenry, was instrumental in establishing Catholic University in Washington. FEDERAL - NPS Knights of Columbus 1928 1932 Society-Culture 45 Stat. 453 39 Gibran, Khalil Normanstone Pkwy & Mass Ave, NW (1883 –1931) Lebanese-American poet and artist. Most famous literary work is The Prophet. FEDERAL - NPS Paid for by Private Donations and Lebanese Americans 1984 1991 Arts-Sciences 98 Stat. 2715 40 Gompers, Samuel 10th St & Massachussetts Ave (1850-1924) An American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history. Founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL). FEDERAL - NPS American Federation of Labor (AFL) 1928 1933 Society-Culture 45 Stat. 193 41 Grant, President Ulysses S. Union Square (1822 – 1885) 18th U.S. President and General-in-Chief of the Union Army during the American Civil War. Fought for key victories at Vicksburg and Chattanooga; secured the Mississippi River. Accepted the surrender of the Confederacy. FEDERAL - NPS Proposed by the Society of the Army of Tennessee; Congress authorized the Grant Memorial Commission to establish the commemoration and the U.S. Government contributed to the expense. 1901 1922 Statesmanship Military 31 Stat. 803 42 Greene, General Nathanael Stanton Park, 5th & C Sts, NE (1742 – 1786) A major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War; Commander of the Army of the South who drove British forces from Georgia and the Carolinas in 1782. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government 1874 1877 Military 18 Stat. 209 43 Gross, Samuel D. Massachusset Ave bet 15th & 16th Sts (1805 – 1884) American academic trauma surgeon. He is the subject of "The Gross Clinic," a famous 1875 painting by Thomas Eakins. FEDERAL - NPS Physicians and Surgeons of U.S. 1895 1897 Arts-Sciences 28 Stat. 973 44 Hahnemann, Samuel Massachusset Ave bet 15th & 16th Sts (1755-1843) German founder of the science of homeopathy and leader of the medical reformation in the 19th Century. Developed the "law of similars": diseases are cured by drugs that produce a similar effect when injected in healthy humans. FEDERAL - NPS American Institute of Homeopathy 1900 1900 Arts-Sciences 31 Stat. 709 45 Hale, Captain Nathan Justice Department (Grounds) (1755 – 1776) Officer for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Widely considered America's first spy, he volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission, but was captured by the British. At his execution, Hale famously said, "I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country." FEDERAL - NPS Given by George Dudley Seymour, a biographer of Hale 1945 Military Gifted 46 Hamilton, Alexander East Executive Ave & 15th St., NW (1755 – 1804) First Secretary of Treasury, Founding Father, attorney, economist and political philosopher. Established national currency, U.S. mint and national bank. Balanced national budget and co-wrote Federalist Papers. FEDERAL - OTHER Anonymous, never revealed 1909 1923 Statesmanship Founding 35 Stat. 1170 47 Hancock, General Winfield Scott Pennsylvania Ave at 7th St, NW (1824 -1886) Union Civil War general and fought in the Mexican American War. Noted for his leadership during the battle of Gettysburg. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government 1889 1896 Military 25 Stat. 972 48 Hoff, Col John (The Penguin Fountain) Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 16th St and Alaska Ave Given in memory of Col. John Van Rensselaer Hoff (1848-1920). Hoff was a surgeon in the military and dedicated his life to improving the status of the Medical Corps. FEDERAL - DOD 49 I Have a Dream Speech Marker/Plaque Lincoln Memorial Steps Commemorates Dr. Martin Luther King's historic "I Have a Dream" speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, a defining moment of the Civil Rights Movement. FEDERAL - NPS Commissioned by Congress, paid for by the U.S. Government and private contributions 2000 2003 Society-Culture 114 Stat. 1409 50 In Memory Plaque Vietnam Veterans Memorial Grounds From Authorizing Law: “to authorize…a plaque to honor those Vietnam veterans who died after their service in the Vietnam War, but a direct result of that service.” FEDERAL - NPS 2000 2004 Military 114 Stat. 335 51 Jackson, President Andrew Lafayette Park (1767-1845) 7th U.S. President who achieved his greatest military fame at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815, which was the final major battle of the War of 1812. This statue depicts Jackson as he appeared at the Battle of New Orleans. FEDERAL - NPS Commissioned by the Jackson Monument Committee and sponsored by the Jackson Democratic Association (Democratic Party) 1848 1853 Statesmanship Military 9 Stat. 340 52 Japanese American Patriotism in World War II New Jersey/Louisiana Aves & D St From Authorizing Law: "to honor Japanese American patriotism in World War II." According to the National Japanese American Memorial Foundation, the Mission is to "tell our story of service and sacrifice in protecting the Constitutional rights of all Americans." According to the NJAM, the Memorial serves as a reminder of the loyalty and patriotism of Japanese American veterans during the War and as an apology on behalf of the United States for the unlawful internment of Japanese Americans. FEDERAL - NPS Sponsored by the National Japanese American Memorial Foundation 1992 2000 Society-Culture 106 Stat. 3273 53 Japanese Lantern Commemorates Commador Perry's historic visit to Japan. These lanterns were used to honor the Shoguns of the Tokughawa period. The Tokughawa period (1603–1867) was the final period of traditional Japan, a time of internal peace, political stability, and economic growth under the shogunate (military dictatorship) founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu. FEDERAL - NPS Governor of Tokyo 1958 World N/A 54 Jefferson, Thomas (The Jefferson Memorial) West Potomac Park (1743 – 1826) 3rd U.S. President. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776) and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the U.S. Honors the political philosopher, architect, musician, book collector, scientist, horticulturist, diplomat and inventor. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government (through the adminitration of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission) 1934 1943 Statesmanship Founding 48 Stat. 1243 55 Joan of Arc Merdian Hill Park, 16th and Florida Ave (1412-1431) National heroine of France, one of the country's patron Catholic saints. Young woman who led the French armies against the British forces, the siege of Orleans during the 100 Years' War. FEDERAL - NPS Given by the Societe des Femmes de France of New York to the women of the United States 1922 1922 World 42 Stat. 468 56 Johnson, President Lyndon Baines Lady Bird Johnson Park (1908 – 1973) 36th U.S. President. Became president following the assassination of President Kennedy. Responsible for designing the "Great Society" legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, Medicare, Medicaid, aid to education, and his attempt to help the poor in his "War on Poverty." Simultaneously, he escalated American involvement in the Vietnam War. FEDERAL - NPS 1973 1974 Statesmanship Military 87 Stat. 809 57 Jones, Commodore John Paul West Potomac Park (Tidal Basin) (1747-1792) Scotsman who immigrated to the U.S. in 1775 and joined the fledgling U.S. Navy. First to raise the new American flag on an American war vessel and the first to compel a man-of-war to surrender to the U.S. vessel. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government 1906 1912 Military 34 Stat. 224 58 Juarez, Benito Pablo Virginia & New Hampshire Aves, NW (1806-1872) Served 5 terms (1865-1872) as President of Mexico. Regarded as a strong leader for resisting and overthrowing French occupation to restore the republic; sometimes referred to as the "Mexican George Washington." FEDERAL - NPS Mexican Government 1968 1970 World 82 Stat. 1154 59 Jusserand, Jules Rock Creek Park (South of Pierce Mill) (1855-1932) French ambassador to the U.S. during WW I, friend of Pres. T.Roosevelt. First memorial erected on federal property to a foreign diplomat. FEDERAL - NPS Jusserand Memorial Committee 1935 1936 World 49 Stat. 386 60 Kennedy, President John F. (The John F. Kennedy Center for Performing Arts) 26th St. & New Hampshire Ave, NW (1917 – 1963) 35th U.S. President, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Commander during WW II, served in the House of Representatives and Senate. Two months after President Kennedy's assassination, Congress designated the National Cultural Center as a "living memorial" to Kennedy. FEDERAL - OTHER Congress authorized $23 million; private fundraising came from the Friends of the Kennedy Center volunteers. Other nations donated funds, building materials, and artworks to assist in the project's completion. 1963 1965 Statesmanship 61 Key, Francis Scott 34th & M Sts, NW near Key Bridge (1779-1843) American lawyer, author, and amateur poet. Famous for writing the words to "Star-Spangled Banner". FEDERAL - NPS 1986 1993 Arts-Sciences 100 Stat. 3022 62 King, Dr. Martin Luther (planned) West Potomac Park (Tidal Basin) (1929 – 1968) American clergyman, activist, prominent leader in the Civil Rights movement. Left a signifant legacy, including progress on civil rights and is widely considered a human rights icon. Led 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president. Led the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. He was assasinated in 1968. FEDERAL - NPS National Memorial Project Foundation, Inc.; paid for with private funds with a contribution of $10 million for the U.S. Government. 1996 PLANNED Society-Culture 110 Stat. 4157 63 Korean War Veterans Memorial West Potomac Park From Authorizing Law: "to honor members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served in the Korean war, particularly those who were killed in action, are still listed as missing in action, or were held as prisoners of war." FEDERAL - NPS 1986 1995 Military 100 Stat. 3226 64 Kosciuszko, General Thaddeus Lafayette Park (1747-1798) Polish patriot who fought for freedom in America and Poland. His skill in building fortifications in key places, including West Point and Saratoga, contributed to success in the American Revolution. FEDERAL - NPS Polish Nat'l Alliance of American and Polish Citizens 1904 1910 Military 38 Stat. 588 65 Lafayette, General Gilbert du Motier Lafayette Park (1757-1834) French nobleman who petitioned the French National Assembly for assistance for the Americans during the American Revolution. Eventually sailed his own ship to America to assist colonists and brought a number of French soldiers (including Pierre L'Enfant). Statue was in part a gesture to reestablish French-American relations after Spanish-American War. FEDERAL - NPS Commissioned by Congress 1885 1891 Military 23 Stat. 508 66 Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Judiciary Sq, 4th 5th bet E and F St NW Honors more than 18,000 federal, state and local law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty. Inscription includes each officer's name, and new names are added to the monument each spring, in conjunction with National Police Week. FEDERAL - NPS 1984 1991 Society-Culture 98 Stat. 2712 67 Lincoln, President Abraham (Emancipation Monument) Lincoln Park, East Capitol and 11th St., NE The statue features President Lincoln in his characteristic frock coat, holding the Emancipation Proclamation before a kneeling black man. Modeled after Archer Alexander, the last person captured under the Fugitive Slave Act, the man's arms are extended to show his shackles have been broken. The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by President Lincoln during the Civil War. FEDERAL - NPS Erected by the Western Sanitary Commission of Saint Louis, paid for with funds contributed by emancipated slaves 1874 1876 Statesmanship Society-Culture 18 Stat. 225 68 Lincoln, President Abraham (Lincoln Memorial) West Potomac Park (1809 – 1865) 16th U.S. President. Inscribed: “In this temple, as in the hearts of the people for whom he saved the Union, the memory of Abraham Lincoln is enshrined forever.” Led country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War. Introduced measures that resulted in the abolition of slavery, issuing his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoting the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The first American president to be assassinated. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government 1911 1922 Statesmanship Military 36 Stat. 898 69 Logan, General John A. Logan Circle (1826- 1886) General in Union Army during Civil War; also served as soldier, diplomat, Congressman, and Presidential candidate. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government, Society of Tennessee 1889 1901 Military 25 Stat. 971 70 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth Connecticut Ave & M St. NW (1807 - 1882) Poet, scholar and professor at Harvard; first American to translate Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy and was one of the 5 members of the group known as the Fireside Poets; statue of Longfellow shown wearing academic robes. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government / Longfellow Memorial Association 1906 1909 Arts-Sciences Society-Culture 34 Stat. 830 71 Maine Lobstermen Southwest Waterfront Park Original statue intended to honor lobstermen and highlight importance of lobster industry to the State of Maine. FEDERAL - NPS Camp Fire Girls of Cundys Harbor placed copy of original sculpture (original done for an exhibit in the Hall of States at 1939-40 NY Worlds Fair) as its way of celebrating the International Year of the Child. 1980 1983 Other 94 Stat. 1066 72 Marconi, Guglielmo 16th & Lamont Sts, NW (1874–1937) Italian inventor, best known for his development of a radiotelegraph system. He shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun, "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy." FEDERAL - NPS Marconi Memorial Foundation 1938 1941 Arts-Sciences 52 Stat. 217 73 Marion, Gen. Francis (planned) Marion Park (1732-1795) Known as "the swamp fox," Military officer in the American Revolutionary War. Served with Continental Army and South Carolina militia commissions, known for his guerilla tactics of surprising the enemy with quick attacks and retreats. FEDERAL - NPS 2008 PLANNED Military 122 Stat. 781 74 Marshall, Chief Justice John Marshall Park (1755-1835) American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power. FEDERAL - NPS PADC sponsored the replica. 1985 (replica) 1884 Statesmanship REPLICA 75 Masaryk, Tomas Massachusetts Ave & 22nd St, NW (1850-1937) Philosopher turned political leader, Czechoslovakia's first president. Advocate of Czechoslovak independence during WWI. Statue shows holding the Declaration of Czech Independence. FEDERAL - NPS Given by the Czech Republic and Organizations to the U.S. 2001 2005 World 115 Stat. 410 76 Mason, George Tidal Basin @ 14th St Bridge (Fountain 4) (1725-1792) Considered a Founding Father because he signed the Declaration of Independence, Mason is described as the “Forgotten Founder” because he did not sign the U.S. Constitution believing it lacked the necessary protections for individuals from the federal government. FEDERAL - NPS Funds were privately raised by the Board of Regents of Gunston Hall, Mason's plantation home in Fairfax County, VA. 1990 2002 Founding 104 Stat. 419 77 McClellan, General George B. Connecticut Ave & Columbia Road (1826 – 1885) Major General during Civil War who distinguished himself at the battle of Antietam and as head fo the Army of the Potomac. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government 1901 1907 Military 31 Stat. 1174 78 McPherson, Major General James B 15th between Kand I Sts. NW (1828 – 1864) Career U.S. Army officer who served as a general in the Union Army during the Civil War; distinguished himself at the battle of Atlanta and was chief engineer on General Grant's staff. FEDERAL - NPS Society of the Army of Tennessee 1875 1876 Military 18 Stat. 391 79 Meade, Major-General George C. Pennsylvania Ave & 3rd St, NW (1815 – 1872) General during the Civil War. Known for leading defense of Gettysburg while commanding Union forces. Commanded the Army of the Potomac in 1863. FEDERAL - NPS State of Pennsylvania and the Meade Monument Commission 1915 1927 Military 38 Stat. 1222 80 Mellon, Andrew W. (Andrew W. Mellon Memorial Fountain) Constitution Ave at 6th St, NW (1855-1937) Industrialist, financier, philanthropist and noted stateman who was American Ambassador to Great Britain and Secy. Treasury. Founder of the National Gallery of Art. FEDERAL - NPS Andrew Mellon Memorial Committee, paid for with private funds 1947 1952 Statesmanship Society-Culture 61 Stat. 327 81 Muhlenberg, Peter Conn. Ave at 36th & Ellicott Sts., NW (1746-1807) Statesman, clergyman, and soldier of the Revolutionary War era. Fought in major battles of the American Revolution. "in the language of Holy Writ there is a time for all things there is a time to pray and a time to fight... and that time has now come." 300 men from his congregations joined the Army. FEDERAL - NPS St. Paul's Lutheran Church (donated land and raised money). 1928 1980 Military Society-Culture 45 Stat. 483 82 National Cemetery Markers at Battleground National Cemetery (4 Monuments) 6625 Georgia Ave NW, bet Whitter & Van B 1) Erected by State of NY in honor of war dead from the 25th NY Volunteers who died in the defense of the Capital in 1864; 2) erected by the State of NY in honor of the war dead from 122nd NY Volunteers (Onondaga Co.) who died in defense of the Capital. 3) erected by the State of Ohio for the 150th Ohio National Guard Infantrymen who took part in the defense of Washington at Ft. Stevens; 4) erected by State of Pennsylvania to honor war dead and wounded who fought in defense of Washington. FEDERAL - NPS States of New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania 1914 Military N/A 83 National Grange Marker/Plaque National Mall From Auth Law: "To permit the National Grange to erect a marker on Federal land in [DC];" oldest private national agricultural organization in the U.S., lists the names of the 7 founders. FEDERAL - NPS National Grange 1950 1950 Other 64 Stat. 906 84 Newlands, Senator Francis Chevy Chase Circle (1846-1917) Senator from Nevada. Established Chevy Chase, wrote the legislation to add Hawaii as a territory, and was associated with mediation and conciliation in labor disputes. FEDERAL - NPS Mrs. Newlands 1932 1933 Statesmanship 47 Stat. 78 85 Nuns of the Battlefield RI Ave. & M St, NW Represents nuns of different orders who nursed the sick and weak during Civil War. Inscription reads: (upper) "They comforted the dying, Nursed the wounded, carried hope to the imprisoned, gave in His name a drink of water to the thirsty."…(lower) "To the memory and in honor of / The Various Orders of Sisters / who gave their services as nurses on battlefields / and in hospitals during the Civil War." FEDERAL - NPS Ladies' Auxiliary of Ancient Order of Hibernians in America 1918 1924 Military Arts-Sciences 40 Stat. 500 86 Peace Monument Pennsylvania Ave at 1st St, NW Memorial to officers, sailors and marines in the U.S. Navy who fell in defense of the Union and "Liberty of their country" during the Civil War. "They died so their country might live." Figures represent America weeping on the shoulder of History, Peace Victory, Neptune, and Mars. FEDERAL - OTHER - AOC Paid for by U.S. Government and contributions from Navy personnel 1876 1877 Military ? 87 Pershing, General John J. Pershing Park, Pennsylvani Ave and 15th St (1860-1948) Commander of American troops in France during World War I, Congress honored him with a new title: general of the armies. Founded the American Battle Monuments Commission, which was established to maintain cemeteries of American cemeteries abroad. FEDERAL - NPS Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation 1954 1981 Military 80 Stat. 1377 88 Pike, General Albert 3rd & D Sts, NW (1809-1891) A freemason, soldier, author, philosopher, and Confederate General in the Civil War. A high Masonic official and interpreter of Masonic rite. The statue depicts Pike with the Goddess of Freemasonry. FEDERAL - NPS Supreme Council 33rd Degree, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry for the Southern Freemasonry for the Southern Jurisdiction 1898 1901 Military 30 Stat. 737 89 Pulaski, Count Casimir Western Plaza at E & 13th Sts, NW (1745-1779) Polish nobleman who fought to defend Poland against European invaders. Came to U.S. to serve in Continental Army and declared his intnetion to become a citizen. Called "father of the American cavalry." FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government 1903 1910 Military 32 Stat. 908 90 Rawlins, General John A. Rawlins Park (1831 – 1869) Union officer from Illinois, was a close friend of General Grant and served as Sec'y of War in Grant's first administration. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government 1872 1874 Military 17 Stat. 388 91 Reed, Major Walter WRAMC, 16th St & Alaska Ave, NW (1851 - 1902) U.S. Army physician, confirmed theory that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes, rather than direct contact. This insight gave impetus to new fields of epidemology and biomedicine and led to development of serum to eradicate disease. FEDERAL - DOD Military N/A 92 Rittenhouse, Sarah Montrose Park (1845-1943) Considered the founder of Montrose Park in Georgetown and is given credit for saving the park from a housing development planned in the early 1900's. FEDERAL - NPS Georgetown Garden Club 1953 1956 Local History 67 Stat. 196 93 Rochambeau, Count Jean Baptiste Lafayette Park (1725-1807) French aristocrat and soldier, commanded French force dispatched in 1780 to aid the Americans in the American Revolution. Joined Washington's forces at White Plains, NY and assisted in forcing Cornwallis' surrender at Yorktown. FEDERAL - NPS Commissioned by Congress 1901 1902 Military 31 Stat. 1886 94 Roosevelt, President Franklin Delano 9th St & Pennsylvania Ave, NW Memorial with a short inscription "In Memory of Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1882 – 1945." Congress later established a commission to construct a much more complex memorial, which detailed his contributions. FEDERAL - NPS Private Contributors 1965 Statesmanship Military Dedicated 95 Roosevelt, President Franklin Delano West Potomac Park (1882 – 1945) 32nd U.S. President. Elected to unprecedented 4 terms in office and leader during Great Depression and WWII. Complex memorial depicts the various contributions he made, including inscriptions and sculptures related to the New Deal and Tennessee Valley Authority. Sculptures depicting Roosevelt in a wheelchair and featured with his pet are also included. FEDERAL - NPS Commissioned by Congress (established the FDR Memorial Commission); paid for by U.S. Government and private contributions 1955 1997 Statesmanship Military 69 Stat. 694 96 Roosevelt, President Theodore Theodore Roosevelt Island (1858 –1919) 26th U.S. President. A leader of the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War, also Governor of New York. Ardent lover of nature; memorial's location on T.R. Island is set aside as a wildlife refuge and natural preserve. FEDERAL - NPS Commissioned by Congress (established the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Commission); paid for by the U.S. Government and private contributions 1932 1967 Statesmanship Military 47 Stat. 163 97 Rush, Dr. Benjamin 23rd & E Sts. NW, Nav. Bur. of Medicine (1745 – 1813) Founding Father, physician and surgeon-general, opened first public health clinic. Helped to draft Pennsylvania Constitution and found Dickinson College. Navy American Medical Association 1904 Founding Arts-Sciences N/A 98 San Martin, General Jose de Virginia Ave & 20th St, NW (1778 – 1850) General credited for Argentinian independence from Spain. Led liberating army across the Andes to give freedom to Chile and Peru. FEDERAL - NPS Argentina Government 1924 1925 World 43 Stat. 667 99 Saul, John H. (Marker) Ellipse, E St and Executive Ave, NW (1819-1987) Horticulturist and nurseryman, who volunteered for the committee that cleared Washington's streets. Worked with Andrew Downing. FEDERAL - NPS Daughter of B.F. Saul I, Rose Saul Zalles 1965 Arts-Sciences Local History 100 Schuetze, Lt. Commander William Henry ("Serenity") Merdian Hill Park, 16th and Florida Ave Given in memory of Lt. Commander William Henry Schuetze, US Navy. (1853-1902) Led expedition to retrieve bodies of American explorers who died in the Arctic, also served in Siberia during the Spanish-American War. FEDERAL - NPS Military 1924 101 Scott, Lt General Winfield U.S. Armed Forces Retirement Home 2nd and Upshur Sts, NW (1786 - 1866) General who served in American military for 50 years; including the War of 1812, Mexican-American War and Civil War. Considered national hero primarily for service in Mexican-American War. Influential in establishing the U.S. Armed Forces Retirement Home. FEDERAL - DOD 1873 Military Military 102 Scott, Lt General Winfield Scott Circle (1786 - 1866) Served in American military for 50 years; including the War of 1812, Mexican-American War and Civil War; considered national hero primarily for service in Mexican-American War. FEDERAL - NPS 1867 1874 Military Military 14 Stat. 571 103 Second Division Memorial Ellipse at 17th St. & Constitution Ave. Honors those of the U.S. Army's Second Division who gave their lives in WWI in 1917-1919. Wings have been added since construction to represent efforts in WWII and Korean War. FEDERAL - NPS Second Division 1931 1936 Military 46 Stat. 1515 104 Settlers of the District of Columbia 15th St bet E & Constitution Ave From Authorizing Law: "Authorizing…a memorial to the early settlers whose land grants embrace the site of the Federal City" (original 18 patentees prior to 1700). FEDERAL - NPS National Society of Daughters of American Colonists 1936 1936 Local History 49 Stat. 1137 105 Sheridan, General Philip Sheridan Circle, 23rd & Mass Ave., NW (1831-1888) Leader of Union cavalry during Civil War and commander of the Army of the Potomac. Engaged in numerous battles and helped force Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government 1889 1908 Military 25 Stat. 971 106 Sherman, General William Tecumseh Sherman Square (1820 – 1891) General in the Union Army during the American Civil War, most noted for his march through Georgia and capture of Savannah; commanded the Army of Tennessee and succeeded Grant as Commander of the U.S. Army. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government/Army of Tennessee 1892 1903 Military 27 Stat. 74 107 Shevchenko, Taras 22nd, 23rd & P Sts, NW (1814 –1861) Ukrainian poet who is symbolic of an emerging national identity and language. FEDERAL - NPS Shevchenko Memorial Committee of America, Inc. 1960 1964 Arts-Sciences World 74 Stat. 884 108 Sousa, John Philip Marine Barracks Annex, 7th St and Virginia Ave SE (1854 – 1932) An American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era, known particularly for American military and patriotic marches. One of the only commemorations to musicians. One of the only comemmorations to honor musicians. Because of his mastery of march composition and resultant prominence, he is known as "The March King." FEDERAL - DOD Arts-Sciences 109 Stephenson, Dr. Benjamin Grnd Army Rep. 7th & C Sts, NW (1823-1871) Founder of the Grand Army of the Republic, first veterans' organization in the U.S.. Composed of veterans of the Union Army in the Civil War, the society provided assistance to disabled veterans, widows, and orphans. FEDERAL - NPS G.A.R. Memorial Association 1907 1909 Military Arts-Sciences 34 Stat. 1424 110 Strauss, Oscar 14th Between Const. And Pa. Aves (1850-1926) One of America's first career diplomats, first Jewish cabinet officer, attorney, served as Sec'y of Commerce and Labor under Pres. Theodore Roosevelt and was active in supporting America's entry into the League of Nations. FEDERAL - OTHER 1927 1947 World N/A 111 Taft, Robert A. U.S. Capitol Grounds between Constitution, & New Jersey and Louisiana Aves. (1889-1953) U.S. Senator, son of President William H. Taft, attorney; conservative leader who opposed New Deal and U.S. involvement in WWII. FEDERAL - OTHER - AOC 1959 Statesmanship N/A 112 Temperance Fountain Pennsylvania Ave & 7th St, NW Donated to the city by Henry D. Cogswell, a dentist, who was a crusader in the temperance movement. Fountain is one of a series commissioned in a belief that easy access to cool drinking water would keep people from consuming alcohol. FEDERAL - NPS Donated to the City by Henry D. Cogswell 1882 Society-Culture N/A 113 Thomas, Major General George Thomas Circle (1816 – 1870) U.S. Army officer and Union General during the American Civil War (despite his heritage as a Virginian). Gained fame as the "Rock of Chickamauga" by his defense of the position in 1863. FEDERAL - NPS Army of the Cumberland Society 1876 1879 Military 19 Stat. 114 114 Three Servicemen of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Adjacent to the Lincoln Memorial. Designed by Frederick Hart, the three servicemen are a part of the Vietnam Memorial landscape on the Mall. The soldiers are dressed in attire worn on the field, and the memorial honors those who fought in the Vietnam War. FEDERAL - NPS Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund 1984 Military 115 Titanic Memorial Waterfront Park, P St., SW Memorial to the men who perished in the wreck of the Titanic to save the lives of women and children aboard. FEDERAL - NPS Women's Titanic Memorial Association 1917 1931 Society-Culture 39 Stat. 1046 116 Ukraine Famine Memorial (planned) Massachusetts Ave, N. Capitol and F, NW From Authorizing Law: "establish a memorial on Federal land in the District of Columbia to honor the victims of the Ukrainian famine..." (1932-1933) FEDERAL - NPS 2006 PLANNED Society-Culture Society-Culture 120 Stat. 1864 117 United States Navy Memorial Market Sq 8th & Pennsylvania Ave, NW Honors those who have served or are currently serving in the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and the Merchant Marine FEDERAL - NPS 1980 1987 Military 94 Stat. 70 118 Victims of Communism Massachusetts & New Jersey Ave NW From Authorizing Law (paraphrased): Since 1917, communist rulers led by Lenin and Mao have been responsible for 100 million deaths in an “unprecedented imperial communist holocaust” in 40 captive nations... there is danger that the heroic sacrifices may be forgotten…should be permanently memorialized so that never again will nations and people allow so evil a tyranny to terrorize the world.” FEDERAL - NPS Sponsored by The Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation 1993 2007 Society-Culture 107 Stat. 2331 119 Vietnam Veterans Memorial Constitution Gardens From Authorizing Law: "in honor and recognition of the men and women of the Armed Forces of the United States who served in the Vietnam War." FEDERAL - NPS Sponsored by the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, Inc. 1980 1984 Military Military 94 Stat. 827 120 Von Steuben, General Frederick (Baron) Lafayette Park (1730-1794) Aide-de-Camp to Frederick the Great and joined the American colonies in the Revolution to train the citizen-soldiers of America. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government 1903 1910 Military 32 Stat. 908 121 Ward, General Artemas Ward Circle (1727-1800) Resigned post as Massachusetts governor to be first Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War. FEDERAL - NPS Harvard University 1928 1938 Military 45 Stat. 689 122 Washington, George Washington Circle From Authorizing Law: "To Erect at the Capital of the Nation an Equestrian Statue of Washington;" shown in the uniform as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army at the Battle of Princeton so near the front lines that his horse refused to advance. (1732-1799) 1st U.S. President, Founding Father, and the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). One of two equestrian statues of Washington in the city. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Gov't/Washington Monument Society 1876 1885 Statesmanship Military 19 Stat. 123 123 Washington, George (Washington Monument) Washington Monument Grounds Built between 1848 and 1884 as a tribute to George Washington; construction took place in two major phases. Lack of funds and political turmoil caused intermittent hiatus. Plans for a national monument began as early as 1783 when Congress proposed that a an equestrian statue of George Washington be erected. (1732-1799) 1st U.S. President, Founding Father, and the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). Sponsored by the Washington National Monument Society. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Gov't/Washington Monument Society 1876 1885 Statesmanship Military 19 Stat. 123 124 Webster, Daniel Massachusetts Ave & 16th St, NW (1782-1852) American statesman, attorney, Secretary of State and Senator, orator. Believed in a strong federal government and sought numerous compromises to preserve the Union despite the increasing hostilities between North and South. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government/Stilson Hutchins 1898 1900 Statesmanship Statesmanship 30 Stat. 625 125 Witherspoon, John Connecticut Ave & N St, NW (1723 – 1794) Presbyterian minister and patriot of the new country. Signed Declaration of Independence and served as president of Princeton. One of the organizers of the Presbyterian Church in America. FEDERAL - NPS U.S. Government/Witherspoon Memorial Association 1908 1909 Founding Society-Culture 35 Stat. 579 126 Women Who Served in Vietnam West Potomac Park From Authorizing Law: "to honor women of the Armed Forces of the United States who served in the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam era" FEDERAL - NPS Vietnam Women's Memorial Project 1988 1993 Military 102 Stat. 3922 127 World War II Memorial West Potomac Park From Authorizing Law: "to honor members of the Armed Forces who served in World War II and to commemorate United States participation in that conflict." Honors the 16 million who served in the armed forces of the U.S., the more than 400,000 who died, and all who supported the war effort from home. FEDERAL - NPS Public Law 103-32 authorized the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) to establish a World War II Memorial in Washington, D.C., or its environs; paid for primarily with private funds. 1993 2004 Military Military 107 Stat. 90 128 Zero Milestone Ellipse Grounds (South of White House) Intended as the initial milestone from which all road distances in the United States should be reckoned when it was built FEDERAL - NPS Lee Highway Association 1920 1923 Other 41 Stat. 1062